Dynamic Evacuation Routing and Traffic Management Under Hurricane Threats: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

 Hurricanes represent a significant threat to human life and infrastructure, particularly in coastal regions where rapid and large-scale evacuations are necessary. Traditional evacuation strategies often suffer from limitations such as unpredictable hurricane behaviour, infrastructure constraints, and variable human response. This review explores dynamic evacuation routing and traffic management strategies aimed at addressing these challenges. It analyzes contraflow operations, evacuation implementations, and predictive traffic modeling, while also examining the transformative role of autonomous and connected vehicle technologies in enhancing evacuation efficiency. The integration of real-time data, advanced traffic simulations, and vehicular communication systems is emphasized as critical to improving evacuation outcomes. Despite progress, gaps remain in infrastructure readiness, public policy, and equitable access to smart mobility solutions. This paper highlights emerging trends and research needs, ultimately arguing for a multi-layered approach that combines technological innovation, policy development, and public engagement to enhance evacuation resilience under hurricane threats.