Integrated Optimization of Nuclear Energy Transmission Systems to Minimize Grid and Data Center Power Losses

Abstract

The rapid expansion of digital infrastructure, particularly artificial intelligence-driven data centers, has intensified global electricity demand and increased pressure on existing power systems. Although nuclear energy provides reliable low-carbon baseload generation, significant inefficiencies persist across transmission networks, distribution systems, and end-use facilities, leading to substantial technical losses and reduced system performance. This study develops an integrated optimization framework for nuclear energy transmission systems aimed at minimizing power losses across the entire electrical power chain while enhancing grid efficiency, data center performance, and overall system sustainability. The framework integrates optimized transmission routing, intelligent grid management, energy storage systems, and data center load optimization within a unified simulation environment. A multi-scenario analysis was conducted to evaluate system performance under baseline, partially optimized, and fully integrated configurations. Key performance indicators included transmission and distribution losses, annual energy delivery, Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), carbon emissions, operating costs, and grid reliability. Results demonstrate that total technical losses were reduced from 13.18% to 6.15%, while annual energy delivery increased from 17,523 GWh to 18,943 GWh under the fully integrated system. Data center efficiency improved significantly, with PUE decreasing from 1.82 to 1.34. Furthermore, carbon emissions were reduced by 38.19%, operating costs declined by approximately USD 414 million annually, and grid reliability improved to 99.4%. Sensitivity analysis revealed that transmission distance and artificial intelligence-based control accuracy are the most critical factors influencing system performance. Overall, the findings confirm that integrated optimization of nuclear energy transmission systems offers a highly effective strategy for reducing power losses, improving energy utilization, and enhancing the sustainability of energy-intensive digital infrastructur