Retrospective Analysis of Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR), Crude Mortality Rate (CMR), and Estimated Dependency Ratios in Two Local Government Areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria, 2024–2025.

Abstract

This study examines the Under-five mortality and Crude mortality rates (U5MR and CMR) in two selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Adamawa State. The crude mortality and under-5 mortality rates for Hong and Michika were calculated based on location-specific recall periods, as shown in the mortality parameter table. The CMR in Hong is currently 0.15 (95% CI 0.05-0.49) deaths per 10,000 of the population per day in October, 2024. This compares with a 2023 study that reported 0.16 (95% CI 0.06-0.40), indicating a slight departure from the previous Northern Adamawa rate. The CMR in Michika is currently 0.93 (95% CI 0.54-1.59). Meanwhile, the U5MR in Hong is currently 0.24 (95% CI 0.13-1.86) deaths per 10,000 persons per day, while that of Michika is 0.23 (95% CI 0.03-1.77). This indicates that there are relatively more incidences of mortality in Hong than in Michika. The U5MR and CMR above 1 per 10,000 persons per day indicate emergency thresholds. As per SPHERE and WHO standards, the death rates in the two LGAs for under-fives do not fall under an emergency situation. All mortality-related variables were calculated using the number of deaths during the recall period as the numerator and the midpoint population as the denominator. The respective population pyramids for age-specific spread and their different dependency ratios are presented.