Effect of Methanol Extract of Ananas Comosus Peel on Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl₄)-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Reports

1. References cited in the manuscript

The following table shows every distinct reference cited in the body of the manuscript and whether it appears in the References section.

No.

In-text citation

Listed in References?

Occurrences

1

Zhang & Cole (2015)

Yes

Sections 1, 3.3

2

Meyer (2003)

No

Sections 1, 3.2

3

Nazeeruddin et al. (2003)

Yes

Sections 1, 3.1

4

Anderson et al. (2014)

Yes

Sections 1, 3.2, 5.1

5

Sauvage et al. (2014)

Yes

Sections 1, 6

6

Kabir et al. (2022)

Yes

Section 1

7

Prabavathy et al. (2017)

Yes

Sections 1, 4.1

8

Alim et al. (2022)

Yes

Sections 1, 4.1

9

Ni et al. (2026)

Yes

Section 3.2

10

Arakawa & Hara (2003)

Yes

Section 5.1

11

Wang et al. (2005)

Yes

Section 5.1

12

Roose et al. (2015)

Yes

Section 5.2

13

Liao (2022)

Yes

Section 5.3

Result

• 13 distinct author–year references are cited in the text.
• 12 of those references are present in the reference list.
• 1 cited reference is missing: Meyer (2003).

his study investigated the ameliorative effect of methanol extract of Ananas comosus peel on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. Twenty-five male albino rats were allocated into five groups: normal control, 200 mg/kg pineapple peel extract (PPE), 500 mg/kg PPE, silymarin-treated positive control, and CCl₄ negative control. At the end of the experimental period, blood and liver tissues were collected for biochemical, antioxidant, and histological evaluation. Quantitative phytochemical analysis showed appreciable amounts of saponins (14.85±0.02 mg/100 g), flavonoids (2.63±0.02 mg/100 g), and alkaloids (2.85±0.02 mg/100 g). The extract contained 5.24±0.02% protein, 5.31±0.02% crude fibre, 1.08±0.01% fat, 3.84±0.00% ash, and 2.36±0.07% carbohydrate. CCl₄ exposure was associated with adverse changes in antioxidant status, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes, renal indices, and liver architecture, whereas PPE treatment showed ameliorative effects comparable in several parameters to silymarin. These findings suggest that methanol extract of A. comosus peel possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential against CCl₄-induced liver injury in Wistar rats