Phytochemical analysis, GC-MS profiling, and assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimycobacterial properties of extracts of Brillantaisia wariness leaves

Abstract

Brillantaisia Owariensis (B. owariensis) is a medicinal plant that grows in home gardens in Abia State, southeastern Nigeria. A research study was considered to determine the bioactivity of B.owariensis leaves. Air dried B.owariensis leaves were macerated in a methanol solvent for three days. The filtrate was concentrated to obtain the methanolic crude extract, which was then partitioned to yield hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts. The results obtained from the phytochemical screening revealed the abundancy of cardiac glycoside, followed by phenols and saponins. The antibacterial analysis of B.owariensis extracts revealed activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with methanol and hexane extracts potentially having the highest antibacterial potency. The extracts' free radical scavenging, reducing and chelating activities were investigated, and the results revealed significant antioxidant activity. The antimycobacterial assay of different fractions of the B. owariensis revealed that the methanol and hexane extracts are extremely sensitive to the various drug resistant species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: drug susceptible and drug resistant varieties. The volatile constituents of the methanolic extracts were determined using GCMS. These compounds have established biological relevance in B.owariensis, supporting the plant's widespread ethnobotanical use.